mitral stenosis | |||
anatomy - normal size of mitral valve เอาเท่าไร |
normal size of mitral valve เอาเท่าไร - 4-6 cm2 |
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physical examination - physical examination of MS |
physical examination of MS |
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pathogenesis - pathogenesis of MS - etiology of MS |
pathogenesis of MS |
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etiology of MS - rheumatic valve disease - nonrheumatic valve disease |
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pathology - normal mitral valve - pathology of mitral stenosis |
normal mitral valve |
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pathology of mitral stenosis - thickened, rigid, nodular appearance of the mitral valve leaflet. - the commissures are calcified and fused, thereby creating the characteristic "fish mouth" -shaped valve. - the subvalvular apparatus is thickened, fused, and shortened |
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investigation - preop CAG - CXR - EKG - echocardiography - cardiac catheterization |
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preop CAG - indication preop CAG >> cardiac catheterization
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indication preop CAG
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CXR CXR finding |
CXR finding |
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EKG - EKG finding |
EKG finding |
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echocardiography - transthoracic echocardiography - transesophageal echocardiography - echocardiography finding - severity of MS ตาม AHA - severity of MS ตาม mild / moderate / severe - score evaluation morphology for PMBC - Wilkins score เป็นอย่างไรและการแปลผล - ถ้าผล echocardiography ไม่เป็นไปทางเดียวกัน จะตรวจอะไรเพิ่มเติม |
- transthoracic echocardiography ** indication TTE - tranesophageal echocardiography ** indication TEE - echocardiography finding - parameter for MS - severity of MS ตาม AHA - severity of MS ตาม mild / moderate / severe - score evaluation morphology for PMBC - Wilkins score ** Wilkins score เป็นอย่างไรและการแปลผล ** ทำไม Wilkins score > 8 ควรต้อง open surgery ไม่ควร PMBC - ถ้าผล echocardiography ไม่เป็นไปทางเดียวกัน จะตรวจอะไรเพิ่มเติม |
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transthoracic echocardiography (TEE)
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indication TTE - signs and symptoms of MS change in sign and symptom |
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tranesophageal echocardiography (TEE) - indication TEE |
indication TEE - PMBC candidate for ... |
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echocardiography finding |
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parameter for MS - mitral valve area - diastolic pressure half time - pulmonary capillary wedge pressure |
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severity of MS ตาม AHA - A = at risk of MS - B = progressive MS - C = symptomatic severe MS - D = symptomatic severe MS |
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severity of MS ตาม mild / moderate / severe |
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score evaluation morphology for PMBC - Wilkins - Cormier score - Echo score revisited |
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Wilkins score - Wilkins score เป็นอย่างไรและการแปลผล |
Wilkins score เป็นอย่างไรและการแปลผล - score <= 8 PMBC - score > 8 open sx
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ทำไม Wilkins score > 8 ควรต้อง open surgery ไม่ควร PMBC |
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ถ้าผล echocardiography ไม่เป็นไปทางเดียวกัน จะตรวจอะไรเพิ่มเติม - cardiac catheterization - exercise testing |
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cardiac catheterization - indication cardiac catheterization |
indication cardiac catheterization |
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treatment - medication - surgery |
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medication - anticoagulant - rate control |
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anticoagulant - indication anticoagulant |
indication anticoagulant |
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rate control - indication rate control medication |
indication rate control medication - MS with AF and fast ventricular response (IIa) - MS in normal sinus rhythm and symptoms associated with exercise (IIb) |
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surgery - indication surgery - PMBC - mitral valve surgery |
indication surgery - sympatomatic severe MS - asymptomatic severe MS ** high risk of embolism ** hemodynamic decompensation |
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PMBC - indication PMBC - contraindication PMBC - criteria ที่บอกว่าทำ PMBC ประสบความสำเร็จ - ผลที่ตามมาหลังทำ PMBC |
indication PMBC +++ MS (severe or very severe MS) with favorable anatomy +++ symptomatic progressive MS with PCWP > 15 mmHg when exercise - asymptomatic very severe MS - severe MS ** symptomatic severe MS with good morphology ** symptomatic severe MS with high risk open sx ** asymptomatic severe MS - moderate MS with valve morphology favorable for PMBC - progressive MS (mild MS) with valve morphology favorable for PMBC with ... ** pulmonary artery systolic pressure > 66 mmHg during exercise ** pulmonary artery wedge pressuer > 25 mmHg during exercise ** mean mitral valve gradient > 15 mmHg during exercise |
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contraindication PMBC - left atrial thrombus - moderate to severe MR |
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criteria ที่บอกว่าทำ PMBC ประสบความสำเร็จ |
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ผลที่ตามมาหลังทำ PMBC |
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mitral valve surgery - indication mitral valve surgery - indication mitral valve surgery and excision of the left atrial appendage |
indication mitral valve surgery - asymptomatic severe MS with ** other cardiac surgery - symptomatic very severe MS or severe MS with ** no favorable valve morphology ** failed previous PMBC ** other cardiac surgery ** NYHA class III-IV with low risk sx - moderate MS with ... ** other cardiac sx ** severe pulmonary hypertension (PAP > 60-80 mmHg) |
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indication mitral valve surgery and excision of the left atrial appendage |
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follow up - f/u ด้วย TTE ดูอะไรบ้าง - f/u ด้วย TTE บ่อยแค่ไหน |
f/u ด้วย TTE ดูอะไรบ้าง |
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f/u ด้วย TTE บ่อยแค่ไหน |
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